Globalisation and Education

Globalisation is the increasingly interconnectedness of a shrinking world (Cohen and Kennedy)

Travel, communication, economics are all more connected. Technological advancements.

- Three types of globalisation (Giddens):

1. Economic (global companies, businesses etc)

2. Cultural (advertising, clothing, media and movement of people)

3. Political (countries aligning with others)

Hyper Globalists

Positive about globalisation

- Cultural hybridity (combination of multiple cultures)

- More education about global issues

Negative about globalisation

- Drug trade

- Terrorism

- Fraud

- Cyber Crime

- Trafficking –

weapons, drugs,

Global Pessimists

- Growth of e- commerce (Amazon, Shien etc)

- Politics – make more education decisions

- Provides more jobs

- Increase in trade

- Migration

opportunities

- Communication

- Refuge

animals, organs and

people

- Laundering of money

- Pollution

- Westernisation

- Inflation

- Gang Crime

- Destruction of small

businesses

- Wars

Globalisation and Education

- which globalisation may have changed pupils’ experience of education (30)

- The way schools are run as a result of globalisation/policy responses

- Impact of globalisation on education

Top tip: first thing after reading your question is to write down the general paragraphs – then you can find the item references to suit!

Top tip: Do your 30 marker and then your 20 markers (1hr 15)

1. Exams

PISA (Programme for International Student Assessments) - every 3-5 years and it looks at 30-65 countries – english maths and science but moving forward it will also look at digital literacy.

Ranked 11th – joint with New Zealand in 2021 – Singapore were 1st, second place Iceland

Ranking = quality of education for students (L2Q)

Alexander – PISA informs policy, changesto the curriculum etc.

Coalition Government – introduction of two changes to exams that were significant:

1. Linear exams (removal of AS and A2)

2. 9-1 grading (introduction of the A**)

More difficult exams = more stress for students, more pressure! Numerical system is confusing

Alexander – PISA panic! Countries panic and make knee jerk reactions, without doing due diligence they make changes to policy and curriculum

2. Marketisation

Free schools were influenced by Sweden and the USA – often ran by teachers, businesses, parents, charities but they ARE seen as separate to local authorities

Funding discrepancies, unqualified teachers BUT more choice

Rikowski - business takeover and the fact we are seeing more businesses moving into education and influencing them

- Apple Ipads

McDonaldisation of Education (based on the ideas of Ritzer) - cut copy paste element of academies or free schools when in chains

(Fenton and Cocacolaisation – globally recognised brands – vending machines or sponsors)

3. Multiculturalism

Increased movement of people into the country we now have a multicultural society, one impact is that education needs to remain inclusive and up to date with these changes

- Prayer room, other religious holidays are acknowledged (Ball – Little Englandism), dietary requirements and language support

Assimilation Policies – policies to help people from other cultures/countries adapt to the UK

British Values (2014)

1. Democracy

2. Mutual respect

3. Rule of Law

4. Tolerance

5. Individual Liberty

Help people feel more British and proud to be so…

PREVENT

Preventing extremism, even more important after terrorist attacks

Anglocentric curriculum-focused on British history, thus ignores other cultures. More multicultural but not fully inclusive at present time.

4. Curriculum

Alexander-slimming down of the curriculum- happened in introduction to linear exams. Made exams more difficult (A level topics pulled down to GCSE). National Curriculum introduced 1988 under new labour (1997-2010)- introduced numeracy and literacy strategies.

Digital literacy- IT (embedding of technology) curriculum can appeal to a global market. 2010-2015 (Coalition gov) leaving ages increased to 18. Now have prime minister (Rishi) wants to introduced maths mandatory till 18yrs.

British prioritise own language and are reluctant to learn others-expecting others to adapt. Resulting in still falling short to a global market-despite efforts- as curriculum hasn’t changed to mirror the global market.

5. Teachers

More teachers choosing to teach internationally. Dubai, Australia etc. offer advantages to teaching there (better pay, free travel and accommodation)-international schools. This because British teachers are widely respected.

Teaching standards in the UK high-need degrees and additional qualifications. Under conservative Government a newLy qualified teacher induction period increased from one year to two years-if fail can’t become a teacher.

Teachers in UK deemed good, albeit Uk education system often adopts other countries idea (master teachers-Singapore). Also influx of teachers leaving UK as a result of bad pay, long hours, welfare and hybrid teaching. Currently there is a retention and recruitment crisis.